while; during; between

while/during~ something happened

not very, not much~

after~; later

conditional form; If [A] then [B]

in the event of; in the case that

in the event of; in the case that

only; nothing but~

just by; just by doing

just by; just by doing

to begin to; to start to; to burst into; ... out (e.g. to jump out, to carry out)​

to begin to; to start to; to burst into; ... out (e.g. to jump out, to carry out)​

to be (honorific である)

... or something; how about~

right?; isn't it?

need; necessary

need; necessary

to smell; hear; taste

to smell; hear; taste

to show signs of; to appear; to feel, to think

someone tends to; has a tendency to; has a sensitivity to~

to be, to exist (the polite form of ある)

to be, to exist (the polite form of ある)

to start; to begin to~

to start; to begin to~

it must be; it should be (expectation)

cannot be (impossible)

need to; it is necessary to

need to; it is necessary to

volitional form​; let's do~

volitional form​; let's do~

to be; to come; to go (polite version) (the polite sonkeigo form of いる)

to do (polite form of する)

to do (polite form of する)

right? isn't it? let's~; confirmation

right? isn't it? let's~; confirmation

whether or not~

whether or not~

I wonder~

I wonder~

turns a sentence into a yes/no question

might; perhaps; indicates possibility

might; perhaps; indicates possibility

might; perhaps; indicates possibility

I wonder; should I?

made from; made with

surely; undoubtedly; almost certainly; most likely

surely; undoubtedly; almost certainly; most likely

around; about; when

around; about; when

Verb nominalizer

to have things to do; there are times when ~; sometimes do ~

to have things to do; there are times when ~; sometimes do ~

can; able to

It has been decided that..; it turns out that.. kototonaru (more formal/strict)

It has been decided that..; it turns out that.. kototonaru (more formal/strict)

to decide on

to decide on

to make something ~

to make something ~

quickly; immediately; hastily; suddenly; abruptly; unexpectedly~

by; by the time; indicates time limit

as it is; current state; without changing~

as it is; current state; without changing~

both; or; otherwise​; choice between [A] or [B]

like, similar to, resembling

like, similar to~ (used with nouns)

like; similar to~ (used with verbs / adjective)

like; similar to~ (used with verbs / adjective)

as many as; as much as; up to; nearly~

don’t ~ (order somebody to not do something)

don’t ~ (order somebody to not do something)

such as, things like~

such as, things like~

while; during; as; simultaneously

not easy to; struggling to; not able to~

very; considerably; easily; readily; fairly; quite; highly; rather

must do something; have to do something

must do something; have to do something

if; in the case that~

do this (soft/firm command)

to do (honorific)

to notice; to realize

to notice; to realize

to look; to seem; to appear

to look; to seem; to appear

difficult to do~

in; among~

although, in spite of, even though~

to (do something); in order to~

[A] is [B]; the reason for [A] is [B]

please do (honorific)

please do (honorific)

to do (honorific)

repeated at intervals, every~

repeated at intervals, every~

Humble いる

to finish; to end~

potential form; ability or inability to do something

it seems like; I heard; apparently~

it seems like; I heard; apparently~

-ness​ ; nominalizer for adjective

some time ago; just now

some time ago; just now

causative form; to make/let somebody do something

causative form; to make/let somebody do something

causative form; to make/let somebody do something

causative-passive; to be made to do something

please let me do

please let me do

as one would expect; as is to be expected; even~

as one would expect; as is to be expected; even~

and; and what’s more; emphasis~

only, nothing but

only, nothing but

so much; so; like that

but still; and yet; even so~

besides; in addition; also; moreover~

I heard that; it is said that~

I heard that; it is said that~

looks like; appears like; seeming~

looks like; appears like; seeming ~ negative form NASASOU: <br>For negatives put connected word into negative form, replace い with さ

seems like; looks like~

just finished; something just occurred

just finished doing, was just doing

Transitive & Intransitive Verbs

wants to do~ (third person)

if; after; when~

if; after; when~

why don't you (used to give advice)

what should I do?; speaker seeking instructions from listener

what should I do?; speaker seeking instructions from listener

conjunctive particle; so; because of [A], [B]...

conjunctive particle; so; because of [A], [B]...

to do for; to do a favor

I want you to; need you to~

to start; to continue; to go on

was doing something (past continuous)

could you please~

to do a favor; do something for someone

to do… and come back; to become; to continue; to start~

to do… and come back; to become; to continue; to start~

try doing

try doing

to get somebody to do something

to get somebody to do something

to get somebody to do something

to do something in advance

to do something in advance

to do something by accident, to finish completely

I’m sorry for

to do for; to do a favor (casual) (casual form of てあげる) also used roughly "give or do to an inferior".

to do for; to do a favor (casual) (casual form of てあげる) also used roughly "give or do to an inferior".

I’m glad that..

in the process of doing

even; even if; even though~

whenever [A] happens, [B] also happens

you could say; one might say; I'd say~

called; named; that~

called; named; that~

it is said that~

I heard...

to think…; I think…; you think…

to think…; I think…; you think…

among other things; such as; like~

just about to; on the verge of doing something

continue to; keen on~

named; called~; casual quoting particle

named; called~; casual quoting particle

passive form; passive voice

passive form; passive voice

passive form; passive voice

[A] but [B]; however; comparison

easy to; likely to; prone to; have a tendency to~

at last; finally; barely; narrowly~

at last; finally; barely; narrowly~

than; rather than; more than~

plan to, intend to

appears; seems; looks as if~

appears; seems; looks as if~

like; as; similar to~

like; as; similar to~

like; as; similar to~

to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into~

to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into~

to try to; to make sure that~

thinking of doing; planning to~

by all means; certainly; definitely~

(not) at all

wholly; entirely; completely; totally <br> (neg. context, e.g. 全然反対) extremely; very <br>(pos. context, e.g. 全然いいよ)

difficult to do~